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CRA is a regulation. If anyone has an open lawsuit under housing discrimination law, CRA says that mergers, opening or closing branches and all sorts of stuff is off limits until the suit is settled. Which most banks did.
CRA is a massive price-fixing scheme: the thing whose price was controlled was risk: businesses were forced to acquire tons of risk as the cost of doing business. As soon as the market went south, sure enough, everything went to hell.
Go to http://delicious.com/somercet/subprime_market and read some of the links I've saved. It's an eye-opener.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Reinvest...
"He further states that Gordon's statistic ignores that independent mortgage companies are middlemen who sell subprime loans to banks that are in turn regulated by the CRA." Which no doubt counted as a good CRA score.
I love the quote by Ellen Seidman. Basically, if a bank has a low CRA score, then it suffers a ban on mergers, acquisitions and opening and closing new branches. If they become overloaded with risk, they get -- a lecture from Ellen! Wow, what an incentivization package, there, Ellen!
http://www.newamerica.net/blog/asset-building/2...
So, she says it was created in 1977. Wow. She fails to mention how it was amended in 1995 (Yes, it used to be a local-only law until then). That version lasted until 2005, when Republicans had 55 seats to force the Senate Democrats to action.
The problem is not necessarily the CRA. Alone, it might have been perfectly benign. Another part of the problem was (I hate typing this anthropized name) Fannie, which began keeping its mortgages instead of selling them. Then it used them as collateral for money to get, yes, more mortgages. No one ever destroyed an economy by going broke; they do it by going broke while super-leveraged, called "dying with someone else's money in your pockets." It's considered rude.
Basically, several factors combined to honeycomb the mortgage traders, insurers and holders with risk. As soon as the market went south, the entire market went south like a termite-ridden house. It did not help that the Dems sat on it for ages, afraid to call an exterminator lest the neighbors think badly of them.
This is why everything came apart. It's so pervasive, so weak, and it all looked great until just before it exploded.
This press release from Fannie in the year 2000 may be of interest to you re the pressures exerted on banks for more community-based lending -- with lower standards. Their plan was to purchase $20 billion of such CRA mortgages in 10 years.
Fannie Mae Announces Pilot to Purchase $2 Billion of "MyCommunityMortgage" Loans; Pilot Lenders to Customize Affordable Products For Low- and Moderate-Income Borrowers
http://www.csrwire.com/PressRelease.php?id=482
10/30/2000
MyCommunityMortgage product options give flexibility to lenders by allowing variances that borrowers need to qualify for loans, often unique to particular communities. These variances apply to basic loan features such as loan-to-value ratio, borrower contribution, housing expense-to-income ratio, and others. For example, the need for down payment assistance may be a critical borrower need in one part of the country, while the need for 2-to-4-family housing may be foremost in another part of the country.
• Community 97 is a new 97 percent loan-to-value product option for single-unit borrowers who need to devote more of their income to housing.
• Community 100 is a new 100 percent loan-to-value product option for single-unit borrowers who lack cash and reserves, but have good credit.
• Community 2-Family offers underwriting flexibilities for 2-unit properties to 95 percent LTV.
• Community 3- and 4-Family offers underwriting flexibilities for 3- and 4-unit properties to 90 percent LTV.
• Customized CRA-Eligible Flow Product Option provides lenders with approval recommendations for CRA-eligible flow product that does not fit within the parameters of the four options listed above.
•
. . . Today’s announcement is part of Fannie Mae’s goal to purchase $20 billion in special targeted CRA-eligible loans over the next ten years, and is part of the company’s $2 trillion "American Dream Commitment" to increase homeownership rates and serve 18 million targeted American families.
Right back atcha, Kimmie.
I don't think CRA destroyed the biggest, most stable housing market in the world. But it was a piece in the political machine that did.
How many global markets closed when Enron went under? Bear Stearns? Lehman Bros.? Now that Fannie, a government entity with an implicit government guarantee, had to be taken over, the Russian market closed and several banks in Europe have failed or gotten emergency help.
http://uk.reuters.com/article/hotStocksNews/idU...
To be quite honest, most of this economic talk is very confusing...who did what, who's buying who, stocks, mortgages, loans, etc...I've never claimed to be an economic expert. However, this crisis affects us all; shouldn't we be considering a solution that will benefit us all? I was reading an article that Michael Laitman wrote on his website that talks about how we can achieve this. Check it out: http://www.laitman.com/2008/10/the-financial-cr...